Assessing Muscle Invasiveness In Bladder Cancer Based On Multiple Diffusion Models

Accurate assessment of the presence or absence of muscle invasiveness in bladder cancer is essential for selecting the best treatment options. In this study, we used 6 diffusion models including mono-exponential model (Mono), continuous-time random-walk (CTRW), incoherent motion within the voxel (IVIM), stretched exponential model (SEM), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and fractional-order calculus (FROC) model to assess muscle invasiveness in bladder cancer. The study showed that Mono,CTRW,IVIM,SEM and DKI could provide biomarkers for muscle invasion and distinguish non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and the combination of CTRW and FROC could further improve the classification accuracy.