Epidemiologia E Fatores De Risco Na Síndrome De Tourette: Uma Revisão Integrativa

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent motor and vocal tics, often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This integrative review addresses the epidemiology and risk factors associated with TS, drawing on recent and seminal studies in the field. Prevalence estimates for TS reach up to 1% of the general population, as evidenced by Tanner (1993) and Apter et al. (1993), with variations attributed to factors such as increased public awareness and diagnostic advancements. Genetic factors, as demonstrated by Pauls and Leckman (1988) and Eapen et al. (1993), play a significant role in TS predisposition, while neurobiological, environmental, and psychosocial factors also influence the development of the syndrome. Understanding these factors is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management of TS. The comorbidity section explores the relationship of TS with OCD and ADHD, highlighting the need for integrated therapeutic approaches. Future directions include deepening the understanding of underlying mechanisms, exploring new treatments, and improving diagnostic and treatment access.