State‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) continue to encounter stability challenges throughout their current commercialization process, primarily due to the instable organic components. Especially, surface (interface) imperfections, like the undercoordinated Pb 2+ and halide sites, further compromise the confinement of organic cations at the surface (interface) and provide a rapid pathway for ion migration and volatilization, decreasing stability and efficiency. Herein, the study has developed a surface Formamidine (FA) cation immobilization strategy through hydrogen bond effect, achieved by a post‐treatment of piperazine dihydrochloride (PDCl 2 ), to obtain stable FA‐based perovskites. The piperazine can immobilize surface FA + cation through hydrogen bond. Moreover, the post‐treatment of PDCl 2 can induce surface Cl – doping to establish strong coordinating bond with the uncoordinated Pb 2+ , reducing the imperfections of surface octahedral cage. Such a synergistic effect effectively constrains surface FA + cations, simultaneously alleviates surface lattice stress. Because of improved surface properties, the resultant perovskite demonstrates not only outstanding light/thermal stability, but also more pronounced n‐type characteristics and uniform potential distribution for improving charge transfer dynamics. Finally, the champion PSCs exhibit a significantly enhanced efficiency from 23.15% to 25.52%. Moreover, these PSCs exhibit excellent stability: retain 91% of their initial efficiency after over 1000 h maximum power point test.
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Liu et al. (2024) studied this question.
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