Functional Materials of 2D Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Monolayers: Preparation and Application

Interest in developing nanoparticle (NP) monolayers via 2D self-assembly and their emerging applications in functional coatings and thin-film devices has dramatically increased in recent years. Self-assembled NP monolayers can exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that are distinct from those of individual NPs or corresponding holistic thin films due to the steric independence but functional coupling between NPs, as well as synergistic effects between NPs and the spacer medium. Efforts are focused on the fabrication of macroscopic-scale uniform NP monolayers with tunable internal structures, as well as the modification of NP monolayers for beneficial mechanical properties and strong adhesion with substrates. In this Review, we offer some highlights of the recent progress in the preparation of NP monolayers and challenges to be overcome toward applications in catalysis, sensing, photovoltaics, and information storage.