Landmark palpation with video annotation tool for measuring scapular dyskinesis: An intra-tester reliability study

Purpose: Most shoulder pathologies are associated with altered scapular kinematics which is mentioned as scapular dyskinesis. Scapular mobility, especially in upward rotation, measurement is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Easy-to-use, clinically applicable 2-dimensional (2-D) measurements would show excellent intra-tester reliability. To quantify intra-tester reliability for measuring scapular upward rotation in individuals with scapular dyskinesias, the landmark palpation with a video annotation tool was used. Methods: Ten participants with scapular dyskinesis were recruited. Scapular upward rotation was measured at rest, 30[Formula: see text], 60[Formula: see text], 90[Formula: see text], and 120[Formula: see text] of humeral elevation in the coronal plane both raising and lowering phases. Two trials were conducted for each arm position randomly, and an assessor took the pictures throughout. The video annotation tool (2-D Kinovia program) was used for measuring scapular upward rotation angles between days. The intra-tester reliability of scapular upward rotation was calculated. Results: This measurement technique demonstrated excellent intra-tester reliability (ICC[Formula: see text] = 0.98), range 0.96–0.99, and standard error of measurement was less than 1[Formula: see text]. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that using this technique to measure scapular upward rotation was reliable in subjects with scapular dyskinesis.