Laboratory study demonstrates over 97% electrical impedance reduction across porcine skin layers, suggesting a reliable threshold for real-time microneedle insertion.
Key Points
Electrical impedance drops by over 97% when transitioning through the stratum corneum into the viable epidermis, providing a distinct bioelectrical signal.
A 97.08% impedance decrease correlates strongly with tape stripping depth (r = 0.98), demonstrating consistent conductivity shifts across porcine tissue sites.
Monitoring for an impedance drop exceeding 95% may enable real-time verification of microneedle insertion—porcine model; further in vivo validation is required.