WITHDRAWN: No-tillage decreases GHG emissions by enhancing SOC and facilitating a stable methane-oxidizing bacterial community from an oilseed rape-rice system

Abstract Background and Aims Differences in farming practices can significantly impact the sustainable development of farmland, soil quality, and global warming potential (GWP). Although the effects of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) management practices on GWP have been extensively studied, their effects on the oilseed rape-rice rotation system prevalent in China, particularly the microbial regulatory mechanisms involved, remain poorly understood. Methods The study was conducted over a 2-year cycle of an oilseed rape-rice rotation system. Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration under NT and CT management practices were measured and compared. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing of soil methanogens and methane-oxidizing bacteria was carried out. Results Compared with CT, NT significantly reduced CH₄, CO₂, and N₂O emissions by 21.2%, 16.9%, and 19.9%, respectively, and decreased the overall GWP by 17.5%. NT also increased the carbon efficiency ratio by 37.6% and significantly boosted soil organic carbon by 8.6% over the 2-year period. High-throughput sequencing revealed that NT significantly enhanced the diversity and abundance of methane-oxidizing microorganisms and altered the abundance of dominant genera compared to CT. Conclusion NT is a viable approach to lower CH₄ emissions, enhance soil and crop carbon fixation, and increase the diversity of soil methane-oxidizing bacteria in oilseed rape-rice rotation fields. This practice offers substantial environmental benefits, contributing to the sustainable development of farmland and the mitigation of global warming potential.