(Invited) the Development of Multifunctional Nanopipette Based Biosensors

In recent decades, the field of nanoscale electrochemistry has advanced rapidly in ultrasensitive electroanalysis at the single-particle level. The glass/quartz nanopipette has emerged as an economical, readily accessible, versatile, and powerful tool for single-entity electrochemistry. We have integrated nanoelectrode and nanopore based techniques using the so-called multifunctional nanopipette, which includes both nanopore and nanoelectrode at the orifice of the nanopipette tip. The multifunctional nanopipette has been successfully used with both amperometric and potentiometric methods for protein and small biomolecule analysis and detection at the single-molecule level. The nanopipette has also been used for intracellular delivery and counting, as well as nanoelectrophyiology of excitable cells.