Surface Decorated SnOxmodifiers Boost Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance of Pt Nanorods

The development of efficient, durable and commercially competitive catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is undoubtedly a challenging task for fuel cell technology. In this context, for the first time, we developed a bi-metallic heterogeneous nanocatalyst (NC) comprising high-density atomic SnO x -clusters anchored Pt-nanorods (denoted as SnO x @Pt) via formic acid reduction method (FAM) as a bifunctional catalyst for ORR and HER (Fig.1). The as-prepared SnO x @Pt nanorods exhibit unprecedented high mass activity (MA) of 160 mAmg -1 (Pt) at 0.85 V vs RHE in acidic ORR (0.5M HClO 4 ), which outperformed the commercial J.M.-Pt/C (20 wt.% Pt) catalyst by 1.4 folds. Of special relevance, SnO x @Pt nanorods exhibit remarkable durability when operated up to 5000 cycles in accelerated durability test (ADT) and retain their 87% MA as that of the initial condition. Additionally, as-prepared SnO x @Pt nanorods demonstrated a notable lower overpotential (η) of 48 mV at the cathodic current density of 10 mAcm -2 and the Tafel slope of 33 mVdec -1 in acidic HER (0.5M H 2 SO 4 ). These overpotential and Tafel slope values are significantly lower compared to commercial J.M.-Pt/C catalyst (η = 60 mV and Tafel slope = 38 mVdec -1 ). Moreover, such material retained its 100% performance in the chronoamperometric (CA) stability test up to 6h, which shows its capability in potential commercialization. The cross-referencing results of physical inspections and electrochemical analysis reveal that such a high-performance of SnO x @Pt nanorods is attributed to the local synergetic collaboration between SnO x modifiers and neighboring Pt active sites. More specifically, the SnO x modifiers promote the H-OH bond cleavage during HER, while simultaneously promotes the desorption of oxygen species on Pt surface in ORR, which later triggers the reduction reaction performances. Meanwhile, SnO x provides a shielding effect to Pt during harsh reduction conditions and thus high stability of SnO x @Pt nanorods is achieved. Of utmost importance, this study not only unveils a novel geometric design but also provides the mechanistic understanding behind the superior electrochemical properties of the unique SnO x modifiers in ORR and HER. Hence, we envision that the proposed rationale will be a forwarding step for the development of high-performance low Pt content catalysts for fuel cells with superior electrochemical properties far beyond the physical nature of transition elements.