Sand smelt larvae's resilience to hypoxia and implications for thermal tolerance

Deoxygenation is a growing threat to marine ecosystems, with an increase in the frequency, extent and intensity of hypoxia events in recent decades. These phenomena will pose various challenges to marine species, as it affects their survival, growth, body condition, metabolism and ability to handle other environmental stressors, such as temperature. Early life stages are particularly vulnerable to these changes. Thus, it is crucial to understand how these initial phases will respond to hypoxia to predict the impacts on marine populations and ecosystems. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen (O