Technologies of and for performance: A frame analysis of recreational runners' technology use

This study explores Finnish recreational runners' use of digital technologies through Ervin Goffman's frame analysis by asking from which frames recreational runners approach technology use. The objective is twofold: First, we aim to move beyond the dominant reductive approach of userism and provide a more comprehensive and fine-grained understanding of recreational runners' relationships with digital technologies. Second, by approaching the concept of digital technology inclusively, we seek to elaborate on scholarly knowledge related to technology convergence, that is, the spillover and blending of technologies, in recreational sports. The data consist of qualitative online survey responses from 1011 runners and were analyzed via abductive content analysis. As a result, we identified three dispositional frames (running for training, health and recreation, and sociality) and three technological frames (technology as verificator, motivator, and safeguard), the combinations of which highlight the often multifaceted, layered, and situational relationship people have with recreational running and technology use.