Use of Traditional and Innovative Thermal Insulation Materials for Wall Insulation of Residential and Public Buildings

The aim of the work is to study the current state of energy supply for residential maintenance under conditions of excessiveenergy resource consumption. It is shown that approximately 80% of the existing housing stock was built with low thermalresistance indicators of enclosing structures. The dynamics of the absolute volumes of domestic natural gas production and itsimport are presented.Due to Ukraine's refusal to import natural gas, a large-scale transition to electric heating of new residential buildings is anticipated. An analysis of the current state of the energy sector and plans for the construction of new electricity generationcapacities is provided. Electric heating of new housing is complicated by the destruction of energy facilities and transformersubstations. Due to the destruction of the country's energy infrastructure, the government has made the unpopular decision toraise electricity tariffs. It is shown that thermal insulation of the housing stock will significantly reduce the consumption of energy resources and aligns with global trends in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to Ukraine's fulfillment of its international commitments to decarbonize the environment according to the decisions of the Paris Conference of 2015. An analysis of the operational properties of traditional thermal insulation materials, such as polystyrene foam and mineral wool, is provided. It is shown that polystyrene foam is an affordable and effective insulator, with its main drawback being flammability, while mineral wool is energy-intensive to produce but is non-flammable. The prospects for using non-combustible low-density aerated concrete, which is common in EU countries, are shown. The global experience of using aerogel as an innovative thermal insulation material is summarized, demonstrating its use as a high-performance insulation material.