Association between genetic risk of melatonin secretion and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Sleep problems are common in individuals with ADHD; however, the exact underlying mechanism is unknown. I Data from the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (N = 27,076), the Taiwan Biobank (N = 2373) and the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (N = 726) were used for analysis. Linkage disequilibrium score-based genetic correlation showed a genetic correlation between melatonin secretion and ADHD diagnosis (rg[SD] = -0.134 [0.012], P < 0.001). Polygenic risk score analyses revealed that genetic variants related to melatonin secretion were associated with ADHD symptoms (beta [SD] = -0.077[0.033], P = 0.019). Dysregulation of melatonin secretion may be associated with the risk of ADHD.