Frameworks of Ecological Connectivity: Systematic Review on Green Infrastructure’s Case Studies

Due to fast urbanisation, urban green space fragmentation has become a critical global concern. Nevertheless, understanding the planning and analysis of GI is deemed challenging. This paper examines the issue by focusing on Green Infrastructure (GI), a comprehensive strategy that provides viable answers. The foundation of the research relies on a methodical examination of existing literature, carried out with great attention to detail and adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. The Scopus and Elsevier databases yielded a total of 22 relevant articles. The study results provide insight into the existing GI planning and analysis approaches, specifically emphasising the utilisation of MSPA and the Landscape Connectivity Index. In addition, there are also other supplementary tools and resources for connectivity, such as minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR), Circuitscape, UNIversal CORridor network simulator (UNICOR), MatrixGreen, Zonation, FunConn, Fragstat and InVest. The review’s outcome is a structured framework based on landscape ecology principles designed explicitly for urban green infrastructure planning and analysis. This framework is specifically developed to tackle and reverse the prevailing pattern of fragmentation of green spaces in urban settings.