Who shapes global out-of-home childcare? Transnational public and hybrid public-private agency for child (de-)institutionalization

This paper provides an overview of transnational public and hybrid public-private actors who shape child institutionalization around the world. We ask: who are these transnational actors? How are they related to each other? What are the likely implications of their activities for children without parental care? Based on existing academic and grey literature, we discuss an increasingly populated and pluralist landscape of public actors, as well as hybrid public-private partnerships, networks, and communities. These complexly inter-related actors promote diverse, even conflicting policies and practices – with ambiguous implications for children in care.