Multimodality and appraisal choices in Nigerian coronavirus-related WhatsApp memes

This article explores coronavirus-related internet memes in the Nigerian WhatsApp space, to examine how multimodal elements are used for evaluation and intersubjective positioning. The theory utilises Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual grammar and Martin and White’s appraisal theory. The data, which comprise 147 purposively selected internet memes, were analysed qualitatively. The findings indicate that the meme producers employ verbal and non-verbal elements that show negative affect, judgement and appreciation of things. Using multimodal concepts, the represented participants are able to engage with the public through resources of disclaimers, entertainment, pronouncement and attribution. The study concludes that meme producers engage their addressees through appraisal resources to achieve their communicative goals of complaining about the negative effects of the pandemic on the people, evaluating the behaviour of different agents during the pandemic as well as providing support for people.