Financial statements readability and stock price crash risk: the mediating roles of information asymmetry and stock liquidity

Purpose This study aims to delve into the mechanisms through which financial statements readability (FSR) may impact the probability of stock price crashes. It specifically examines how information asymmetry and stock liquidity mediate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data from 107 nonfinancial firms listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange between 2016 and 2019 to investigate the mediating roles of information asymmetry and stock liquidity using structural equation modeling (SEM). To enhance robustness, the author incorporates the Bootstrap method, conducting 5,000 iterations for consistent validation of results. Findings The findings of this study identify two crucial mediators in the correlation between the readability of financial statements and stock price crash risk. First, information asymmetry partially mediates this association. Complex financial statements allow managers to hide adverse news, thereby increasing information asymmetry. Consequently, investors face challenges in assessing the company’s risk and performance, elevating the probability of stock price crashes when such concealed information is disclosed. Second, the results indicate that stock liquidity plays a key mediating role. Less-readable financial statements hinder stock liquidity, making it more difficult for investors to trade shares efficiently. This reduced liquidity amplifies the influence of negative news, potentially increasing the crash risk. Importantly, our findings demonstrate robustness across various measures, encompassing two readability indicators and two crash risk proxies, validated through both SEM and Bootstrap methods. Research limitations/implications Although this research provides valuable insights, it is critical to acknowledge its limitations. The relatively limited sample size may affect the broader applicability of the findings. Moreover, this study was carried out in the Egyptian setting, where financial reporting is conducted in Arabic. This linguistic and cultural specificity could influence the interpretation and generalizability of the findings beyond the Egyptian and Arab contexts. To overcome this limitation, this paper recommends conducting comparative research in diverse linguistic and cultural environments. Practical implications The outcomes of this research carry substantial implications for policymakers and regulators, emphasizing the need for ongoing efforts to enhance financial reporting standards. Clear and readable financial reports contribute not only to market transparency but also to the overall stability and resilience of financial markets. Policymakers are encouraged to consider our findings when shaping or revising standards to ensure readability and transparency, potentially reducing the risk of market disruptions. Furthermore, companies should recognize the adverse impact of complex financial reports, prioritizing transparent and readable reporting to foster investor trust and mitigate crash risks. Originality/value This research comprehensively analyzes the intricate relationships among FSR, information asymmetry, stock liquidity and stock price crash risk. Focusing on the mediating roles of information asymmetry and stock liquidity, this paper provides novel insights, advancing theoretical understanding and practical implications for risk management and financial reporting. This study expands the current body of knowledge on how FSR is related to the probability of stock price crashes.