The Problem of Territorial Polarization in Armenia

In 1991, Armenia gained independence, signaling a new chapter in its history. However, the journey towards nation-building faced significant challenges. Despite the anticipation that independence would catalyze the repatriation of the Armenian diaspora and foster a renewed commitment among citizens to contribute to their homeland, the reality has been starkly different. New geopolitical shifts and socio-economic situation have resulted in substantial emigration, a demographic crisis, and depopulation, casting a shadow over the nation’s 33-year independent existence. While there have been periods of socio-economic stabilization, particularly since 1995, and improvements in living standards, Armenia remains ensnared in depopulation and economic stagnation. Against this backdrop, the settlement patterns in Armenia have evolved significantly. This article delves into the features, challenges, and spatial differences of this phenomenon, supported by a thematic map illustrating the changes in Armenia’s settlement patterns. Research findings underscore a distinct territorial polarization driven by ongoing processes, presenting an existential challenge that demands comprehensive regional policy solutions. Furthermore, the article examines specific facets of regional policy geared towards mitigating the polarized territorial development in Armenia. It advocates for a multifaceted approach that not only embraces typological considerations but also emphasizes the importance of territorial zoning and the implementation of tailored, territorially differentiated policies. In conclusion, addressing the issue of polarized territorial development necessitates a holistic strategy that incorporates territorial zoning and differentiated policies. The insights gleaned from these studies serve as a crucial foundation for devising strategies to mitigate polarized development, delineate territorial zones, and implement targeted territorial policies. In the conditions of the new reality, the resettlement of Armenia has undergone significant transformation. This article is dedicated to studying its features, problems, and spatial differences. A thematic map of the changes in Armenia's settlement has been compiled. Research shows that as a result of ongoing processes in Armenia, there is a pronounced territorial polarization. It has become an existential problem and requires comprehensive solutions of regional policy. The article also analyzes certain aspects of regional policy aimed at leveling the polarized territorial development of Armenia. It is concluded that in the policy of leveling polarized territorial development, in addition to the typological approach, the application of the principle of territorial zoning is desirable, as well as the implementation of corresponding territorially differentiated policies. These studies can serve as an important basis for developing a strategy to level polarized development, zoning the territory of Armenia, and implementing differentiated territorial policies.