Epidemiological profile of patients suffering from abdominal trauma caused by firearms and stab wounds in Ceilândia in 2021

This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients suffering from trauma caused by firearms and stab wounds in Ceilândia, a region of the Federal District, Brazil, in 2021, identifying patterns that can guide preventive strategies and improve patient care. A retrospective analysis of patients treated at the Ceilândia Regional Institute for trauma caused by firearms (FW) and stab wounds (SW) throughout 2021 was performed. The data collected included the cause of trauma, clinical outcomes, ICU admissions, distribution of episodes by shift, and patient gender. Statistical analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics to explore the relationships between trauma types and outcomes. The study included 74 patients, 46 cases (62.2%) of SW and 28 cases (37.8%) of SW. Most traumas occurred during the early morning hours, with a higher prevalence among male patients (89.1% for SW and 92.9% for SW). ICU admissions were more frequent for FAP victims (17.9%) compared to BAP (4.4%). Most cases resulted in discharge, but the mortality rate was higher among FAP victims (17.9%) compared to BAP (4.4%). The predominance of stab wounds and the higher ICU admission and mortality rates for firearm injuries highlight the severity of firearm-related trauma. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to prevent such incidents and improve the health response in Ceilândia. Future studies should focus on the implementation and evaluation of preventive strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of these traumas.