The low frequency sound attenuation anomaly has been identified as a relaxation absorption involving boron in sea water.A modified form of the Thorp equation has been developed to account for effects of variable pH.New results are reported for near~surface propagation where the absorption values are as much as twice Thorp's.Estimates for the higher pH values compare favorably with experiment.
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Browning et al. (2024) studied this question.
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