This article investigates the evolution of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) sidelink communications technology, focusing on its integration with sensing and localization capabilities in vehicular scenarios. The study encompasses the detection and localization of device-free objects (sensing) as well as connected vehicles (positioning), across both sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave frequencies. An overview of architectural elements, signal processing procedures, and features affecting performance is provided. In addition, the article discusses implementation challenges to be addressed and possible issues concerning security and privacy, also elaborating on future research directions.
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Bartoletti et al. (2024) studied this question.
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