Optimization and comparison of unidirectional lidocaine-loaded buccal patch with the articaine-loaded buccal patch to reduce injection pain and increment of patients' compliance in dental procedures: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial

Nervous patients often postpone dental visits until they are in severe pain, exacerbating anxiety. Buccal patches provide a noninvasive method of delivering drugs between the upper gum and cheek, offering local and systemic effects. Prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness, safety, and reliability of topical lidocaine or articaine patches for oral anesthesia. Consequently, this study aimed to develop a three-layered buccal drug delivery system for topical anesthetics.