Dy3+ Ion - Doped Zinc Barium Niobium Boro-Tellurite Glasses: Structural, Optical, and Luminescence Insights for White Light Applications

Analysis and review of physical, structural, optical, and luminescence properties of dysprosium-doped zinc barium niobium boro-tellurite glass has been carried out. All glass samples were prepared by melting around 1.5 h at 1,150°C and annealing around 3 h at 350°C. Six different concentrations of Dy2O3 were used to prepare the glasses, ranging from 0.00 to 1.50 mol%. The samples were prepared, involving both shaping and refining, for density, refractive index, and optical/photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. Structural measurements were obtained using XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The absorption spectra demonstrate that the transition state of Dy3+ ion from 6H15/2 (ground state) to several excited states (6P7/2), (4F7/2+4I13/2), (6F3/2), (6F5/2), (6F7/2), (6H7/2+6F9/2), (6H9/2+6F11/2), and (6H11/2) at wavelengths of 350, 394, 759, 804, 903, 1,094, 1,276 and 1,681 nm, respectively. The sample was excited with a xenon flashlamp of 453 nm, which produces 3 emission peaks at 482, 574, and 661 nm associated with the transitions 4F9/2→6H(11/2, 13/2, and 15/2), in that order. The combination of blue light from energy level 4F9/2→6H15/2 and yellow light from energy level 4F9/2→6H13/2 resulted in white light emission, as corroborated by the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The Lifetime exhibits a diminishing trend as the concentration of Dy2O3 increases. According to the Judd Ofelt (JO) intensity values, the trend was Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6 observed. The radiative parameters utilized to assess the suitability of these glasses for laser operation in the visible range were the branching ratios (βR), transition probabilities (AR), and stimulated emission cross-sections (σe) for the 4F9/2→6H13/2 transition. The current Dy3+ ion doped zinc barium niobium borotellurite glasses are thus suggested to be ideal for applications of white light and optical devices.