Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases. This study aims to evaluate the clinical value and benefit of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in transthoracic minimally invasive closure of VSDs using a completely biodegradable occluders, summarize the main points of surgical procedures, and analyze the follow-up results of short-term and medium-term treatment.
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Zhang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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