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Abstract The paper focuses on waste materials generated during shipbuilding and ship repair and assesses their hazard levels. It discusses various methods of classifying and segregating waste from shipyards, and thereafter managing them, through recycling, energy recovery, reuse, landfill and other disposal methods. It also mentions the examination of heavy metals in marine samples and the importance of determining their bioavailability and potential negative effects on marine life. The need for identification of effective waste management techniques through the ranking of waste according to toxicity, persistence, and potential harm to marine life is emphasized, and studies waste is ranked based on indices.
Sahoo et al. (Thu,) studied this question.