The Strategic Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on China's Economic Resilience and High-Quality Development Under the New Pattern of Global Capital Flows

Against the backdrop of profound changes in the global economic landscape, foreign direct investment (FDI), as an important form of cross-border capital flow, is of strategic significance for the high-quality development and resilience of the Chinese economy. This study uses dynamic panel data models and spatial econometric methods to systematically examine the impact mechanism of FDI on China's economic growth quality, industrial structure upgrading and innovation capacity based on provincial panel data from 2000 to 2023. The study finds that (1) FDI has a significant positive impact on the quality of China's economic growth, but this impact exhibits significant regional heterogeneity; (2) FDI has promoted the transformation of China's industrial structure towards high-end and service-oriented industries through technology spillover and competition effects; (3) the effective integration of FDI and local innovation resources is the key to enhancing China's independent innovation capabilities. Based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward policy recommendations such as optimising the structure of FDI attraction, promoting the deep integration of FDI and the local economy, and building an open regional innovation ecosystem, with a view to providing decision-making reference for China to better utilise foreign investment and achieve high-quality economic development under the new development pattern.