Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a disease defined as an infection with a Streptococcus group A agent accompanied by sudden onset of shock, organ failure, and frequently death. The production of bacterial exotoxins and virulence factors occur in the deep tissues and bloodstream, leading to the induction of the cytokine cascade contributing to the development of shock or organ failure. Despite aggressive treatment, the mortality rate for STSS ranges from 30% to 70% and increases in patients aged less than five years and older to sixty-five years, increasing extensive comorbility. Its evolution is often fulminant, requiring a high degree of suspicion and early initiation of appropriate treatment. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman that developed a bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Streptococcus group A) complicated by toxic shock syndrome with multiple complications. In about one third of cases, they are complicated by toxic shock syndrome, characterized by septic shock and multiorgan failure. This case is presented because of its actuality, severity, and complications.