Simulation of the formation process of nanofluid electrostatic atomization under different voltages

Voltage has an impact on the electrostatic atomization effect of nanofluids. In this study, by using COMSOL software, a simulation model of electrostatic atomization of graphite water-based nanofluids under different voltages was established. The process of cone jet formation under different voltages was observed through three-dimensional visualization of volume fraction maps. The formation processes of graphite water-based nanofluid cone jets were analyzed from three aspects: electric field force, charge concentration, and volume force. The results indicate that the droplet formation speed increases with higher voltage. Under −10 kV, graphite water-based nanofluids exhibit faster cone jet formation, thorough breakup of droplets at the jet’s tip, and better atomization effects.