Deep Vein Thrombosis Associated With Eosinophilia: Clinical Insights and Perspectives

Eosinophilia, characterised by an elevated eosinophil count, is a rare but signicant cause of thrombotic events, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This case report presents a patient with marked eosinophilia who developed DVT, exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association. The patient, a middle-aged individual, exhibited classic symptoms of DVT, including swelling and pain in the lower extremity, and was subsequently diagnosed via Doppler ultrasound. Laboratory tests revealed signicant eosinophilia, prompting further investigation into potential aetiologies. The pathogenesis of thrombosis in the context of eosinophilia involves multiple mechanisms: eosinophil granule proteins can directly damage endothelial cells, promoting a pro-thrombotic state; cytokines released by eosinophils can enhance platelet aggregation and activation; and the inammatory milieu fostered by eosinophils can contribute to vascular injury and coagulation cascade activation. This case underscores the importance of considering eosinophilia as a differential diagnosis in patients with unexplained thrombotic events.A comprehensive review of the literature highlights similar cases and elucidates the critical role of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in eosinophil proliferation and survival, further linking it to thrombotic risk. Effective management of eosinophilia, including targeted therapies against IL-5, may mitigate thrombotic complications. This report aims to enhance clinical awareness and guide future research on eosinophilia-associated thrombosis.