To Evaluate the Effect of Cyclic Loading on the Surface of Implant Prosthetic Screw at Different Time Intervals Using Sem in- Vitro Study

This is an in-vitro study which assess the impact of cyclic loading on the surface of implant prosthetic screws over different time intervals using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The research aims to understand wear patterns and morphological changes under mechanical stress, contributing to improved implant design and longevity. This prospective study aimed to investigate two key issues related to dental implants: screw loosening and screw fracture. 46 implants were included in this study. Cases are categorized into 2 distinct groups. Group I focused on addressing implant screw loosening, while Group II aimed to determine the maximum fracture load of implant screws. The results were statistically analyzed with a Paired t-test. The mean reverse torque value before cyclic loading found to be 27N-cm, while the mean value after cyclic loading is 23.84 Ncm. The reduction in mean reverse torque value from pre-cyclic to post-cyclic loading indicates that cyclic loading signicantly diminishes reverse torque values. This nding highlights the impact of cyclic loading on the samples, demonstrating a notable change in their mechanical properties of implant prosthetic screw that is loosening of the prosthetic screw (p< 0.05). For the Group II samples the maximum compressive force at which the implant fractured was 2100 N, with a displacement rate of 3.2 mm/min. The mean compressive load was 1660.7 N, while the mean displacement rate was 1.996. This study demonstrates how cyclic loading affects implant prosthetic screws by examining changes in microstructure, surface morphology, and damage using SEM analysis. These ndings underscore the need for vigilant monitoring in implant dentistry to prevent screw failure. The research informs clinical practice and aids in developing better materials and designs to enhance screw durability and longevity, ultimately improving patient outcomes in dental implant treatment.