Phytochemical characterisation of dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of the Ziziphora tenuior leaves and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial activities

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Medicinal plants, known for their antibacterial phytocompounds and secondary metabolites, offer promising potential in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to perform a phytochemical analysis of the methanol and dichloromethane extracts obtained from Ziziphora tenuior leaves using GC-MS. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated through the DPPH assay. And, their antibacterial activity was assessed against S. aureus, E. coli, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) bacterial strains. Based on the results 90-92% of these extracts consisted of phytocompounds with pharmaceutical properties. Of these, 5-methyl- 2-(1-methylethylidele), Cyclohexanone (Pulegone; C10H16O) comprised the highest percentage of the extracts, constituting 62% of methanolic extract and 81% of dichloromethane extract. Also, both methanolic and dichloromethane extracts showed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 of 277.6 µg/ml and 49.6 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, these extracts demonstrated considerable antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens, especially against S. aureus and VRE.