Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms in Adult Intensive Care Unit of Kfsh, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, 2023

Purpose:Toassess the prevalence and risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant organisms in adult intensive care unit of KFSH-Tabuk during the year 2023. Methods:This study was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional institutional–based studyincluding88 cases of ICU patientswith positive microbiology cultures for MDROs between the 1st of January 2023 to 31st of Dec 2023 in King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Results:The prevalence of MDRO among ICU patients was found to be 31.4%. Males (64.8%) were more than females (35.2%). The most common age group was found to be 66-80 years (29.5%), followed by more than 80 years (22.7%). The majority of patients (64.8%) has chronic diseases, and the most common chronic disease was hypertension (63.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (56.1%). (93.2%) of patients had external medical support equipment. Of them, the majority (52.3%) had three external medical support equipment, followed by two (20.5%), and the most common external medical support equipment was found to be foley catheter (F.C) (81.7%), followed by central venous line (CVL) (64.6%), then endotracheal tubes (ETT) (50%). (56.8%) of patients had community-onset (CO) MDRO, while (42%) had healthcare facility-onset (HO) MDRO. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) MDR (33%) was the most common type of MDRO, followed by Acinetobacter MDR (28.4%). The majority of the identified organisms (87.5%) were gram-negative bacteria. The most common type of organism was Klebsiella pneumonia (37.5%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (29.5%), then Escherichia coli (10.2%). Sputum sample (42%) was the most common type of taking the sample. The majority of patients (87.5%) had only one type of organism, while (9.1%) had two types of organisms. Conclusion: This study can conclude that the prevalence of multi-drug resistant organisms in adult intensive care unit of KFSH-Tabuk during 2023is not that high. However, risk factors should be taken into consideration in order to prevent them, and thus, decrease the incidence of multi-drug resistant organisms and decrease the mortality.