Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (OCSEA) of children and adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review

This study concerns the issue of online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) of children and adolescents. This study aims to identify the vulnerability factors of children and adolescents exposed to OCSEA and the measures to prevent and overcome this problem. The systematic literature review method was used including the formation of PICO, language terminology, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data selection through PRISMA. The literature review found OCSEA vulnerability factors caused by a young age, perception, communication, economy, accessibility, emotional stability, population, gender, parental supervision, and children's internet knowledge. The handling is still at the stage of developing a framework, although there are relevant policies, but it is necessary to make new comprehensive laws to deal with OCSEA more explicitly. The limited prevalence and evidence related to the OCSEA problem led this study to take the initiative to conduct a literature review aimed at understanding the concept, development, and context of online child sexual exploitation and abuse.