Transforming from Kitaev to Disguised Ising Chain: Application to CoNb2O6

For many years, CoNb₂O₆ has served as an exemplar of the one-dimensional Ising model. However, recent experimental and theoretical analyses challenge its applicability to this material. Prior to that, a tailored spin model for 3d⁷ systems such as Co²⁺, known as the JKΓ model, has emerged, featuring Heisenberg (J), Kitaev (K), and Gamma (Γ) interactions. While these interactions are permitted by the symmetry of the system, their role in CoNb₂O₆ remains enigmatic. We present a microscopic theory based on spin-orbit entangled Jeff=1/2 states, aimed at elucidating the roles of Kitaev and Gamma interactions in shaping Ising anisotropy. Leveraging strong coupling theory, we identify a dominant ferromagnetic Kitaev interaction. Furthermore, by comparing dynamical structure factors obtained via exact diagonalization with those from inelastic neutron scattering experiments, we find an antiferromagnetic Γ interaction, which dictates the Ising axis and explains the mechanism behind moment pinning. Our theory provides a microscopic origin for Ising behavior in spin-orbit coupled one-dimensional chains and posits CoNb₂O₆ as a rare Kitaev chain.