Pencil-drawn tunable electrical resistance and Joule heating demonstration using a smartphone-based thermal imaging camera

This paper delves into the educational potential of pencil circuits for teaching key electrical concepts. Using both practical experiments and theoretical examinations, this study explores the application of pencil circuits in demonstrating concepts related to series and parallel resistance, Ohm’s law, and Joule’s heating law. By leveraging the simplicity and accessibility of pencil-based setups, students can gain a practical understanding of these fundamental principles. Additionally, the integration of thermal imaging technology enhances the visualization of Joule’s heating law, further enriching the learning experience.