Validity and Reliability Analysis of Innovation and Entrepreneurial Education, Self-Efficacy, and Employment Competitiveness Scales

In the pilot study, it is necessary to assess the reliability and validity of all the scales and conduct Exploratory Factor Analysis. This study involves three scales. A total of 156 survey questionnaires were distributed in the pilot study, resulting in 150 valid responses. SPSS 26.0 was employed for data analysis. Based on the analysis results, certain items in the scales were removed. In the innovation and entrepreneurship education scale, two items were removed due to communalities values below 0.5. In the self-efficacy scale, one item supporting a dimension was removed. In the employment competitiveness scale, one item with communalities values below 0.6 was removed. After deleting some items through data analysis, the final Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) scales were obtained. The final scales will be used for field study based on the results obtained.