Gamification and student engagement in higher education: The moderating role of concentration

Gamification in the teaching and education system is an innovative approach incorporating game elements into educational activities to enhance student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between attitude towards using gamification and student engagement (skill engagement and participation engagement) while exploring the moderating role of student concentration in this relationship. The 306 data were collected from the students in the Saudi public university to verify these proposed hypotheses. The findings indicate employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via Partial Least Squares (PLS). The research framework evaluated the impact of attitude towards gamification on student engagement. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between attitude towards using gamification and student engagement, which is more noticeable when student concentration is high than when it is low. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics between gamification, student attitudes, concentration levels, and engagement within educational contexts.