PAP: A Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme With Anonymous Payment for V2G Networks

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) networks, as an emerging smart grid paradigm, can be integrated with renewable energy re-sources to provide power services and manage electricity demands. When accessing electricity services, an electric vehicle(εν) typically provides authentication or/and payment information con-taining identifying data to a service provider, which raises privacy concerns as malicious entities might trace εν activity or exploit personal information. Although numerous anonymous authentica-tion and payment schemes have been presented for V2G networks, no such privacy-preserving scheme supports authentication and payment simultaneously. Therefore, this paper is the first to pre-sent a privacy-preserving authentication scheme with anonymous payment for V2G networks (PAP, for short). In addition, this scheme also supports accountability and revocability, which are practical features to prevent malicious behavior; minimal attribute disclosure, which maximizes the privacy of εν when responding to the service provider's flexible access policies; payment binding, which guarantees the accountability in the payment phase; user-controlled linkability, which enables εν to decide whether differ-ent authentication sessions are linkable for continuous services. On the performance side, we implement PAP with the pairing cryptography library, then evaluate it on different hardware plat-forms, showing that it is essential for V2G applications.