Synchronization of heterogeneous discrete-time fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks with time delay and parameter uncertainty using the impulsive method

This paper presents theoretical results on the impulsive synchronization of discrete-time fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks (DFQVNNs) with time delay and parameter uncertainty. First, a useful assumption for parameter uncertainty is put out, predicated on the observation that it is typically brought about by a very tiny disruption. Next, we realize impulsive synchronization for DFQVNNs with the same structure by utilizing the nabla discrete Mittag–Leffler function. We put out a novel synchronization theory for more intricate scenarios in which the architectures of the DFQVNNs are heterogeneous. Finally, the applicability of the theoretical results is demonstrated through numerical examples.