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Indirect passive sentences, especially those with intransitive verb predicates, are complicated for Japanese language (JL) learners in Indonesia to understand because they cannot be combined into Indonesian language (IL) passive sentences. Contrastive research between passive JL and Sundanese language (SL) is one effort to overcome this problem because most JL learners in West Java speak SL as their mother tongue. The results of data analysis show that several types of intransitive passives can be combined with SL passive sentences, namely (a) the JU-I type passive is equivalent to the ke-N-an construction; (b) passive types JU-II and JU-IV corresponding to the ditingalkeun-V-intr construction; and (c) passive type JU-VII corresponding to dipang-V-intr-keun construction. The differences include: (1) the ke-N-an construction does not always contain an adversative meaning, but can also express a neutral meaning or a beneficial meaning (onkei), and (2) the verbs used to fill in the ditingalkeun-V-intr construction are limited to verbs that contain a negative meaning.
Sutedi et al. (Sun,) studied this question.