Role of Ultrasound and Duplex in Evaluation of Complicated Hernia; Correlated with the Surgical Findings and Post-Surgical Outcome

Background: Hernias are a prevalent medical condition where an organ or tissue pushes through an abnormal gap in the body. They can manifest in different areas such as the abdominal wall, groin, and diaphragm. Complex hernias, including those that are incarcerated, strangulated, or recurrent, present substantial challenges in medical practice because they can lead to serious complications like bowel obstruction, ischemia, and tissue necrosis. Prompt and precise diagnosis of these complications is essential for effective treatment and better patient outcomes. Objective: This narrative review was performed to explore the role of ultrasound (US) and duplex imaging in evaluating complicated hernias, correlating imaging findings with surgical outcomes, and assessing their impact on the postoperative results. Conclusion: US and duplex imaging offer non-invasive, real-time assessment of hernias, aiding in identifying complications and guiding surgical management. Correlating preoperative imaging with surgical findings enhances diagnostic accuracy and improves preoperative planning, thereby optimizing patient care.