Mental health and employment outcomes in working-age US adults, 2010–2019

Abstract Background Individuals with severe mental illness experience greater unemployment and barriers to workforce re-entry. However, less is known about additional indicators of employment stability for individuals across mental illness severity. Aims This study aims to examine associations between mental illness severity, use and adequacy of mental health treatment, and indicators of employment stability. Methods In this repeated cross-sectional study, 2010–2019 data from the U.S. National Survey of Drug Use and Health were used to construct multivariate logistic regression models predicting the odds of part-time employment, past-year work interruption, number of past-year employers, and past-month health-related work absence by mental illness severity and adequacy of mental health treatment. Results Compared to individuals with no mental illness, those with any and severe mental illness had significantly higher odds of part-time employment (adjusted odds ratios AORs = 1.51 and 2.16, 95% confidence intervals CIs 1.4–1.6 and 2.0–2.3), multiple past-year employers (AORs = 1.78 and 2.34, CIs 1.7–1.9 and 2.1–2.6), past-year work interruption (AORs = 1.69 and 2.20, CIs 1.6–1.8 and 2.1–2.4), and 7 days of past-month work absence (AORs = 2.51 and 3.82, CIs 2.3–2.8 and 3.3–4.5). Among respondents with mental illness, perceived inadequacy of mental treatment predicted higher odds of all adverse employment outcomes. Conclusions Compared to those with no mental illness, individuals with mental illness of any severity have higher odds of employment instability. Policy and programmatic support aimed at addressing the needs of individuals with mental illness, including access to adequate mental health treatment, are needed to facilitate continued, competitive employment.