Advancements in Understanding and Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Interventions

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by recurrent painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts predominantly affecting intertriginous regions. The pathophysiology of HS involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors. Recent advancements have shed light on the role of inflammatory pathways and microbial dysbiosis in disease progression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest insights into the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategies for HS. Emphasis is placed on novel biologic therapies and surgical interventions that have shown promise in improving patient outcomes. By integrating recent findings, we aim to enhance understanding and management of this debilitating condition.