Different species adopt different survival strategies. For lampreys, adaptive changes in sex ratio are crucial for their survival and reproduction. Then, we aim to find out how the change of lampreys’ sex ratio affect the ecosystem. Firstly, by expanding the Lotka-Volterra equations to three species and species competition models, we find that an increase in the male-female ratio of lampreys under different food resources leads to higher peaks of population, more pronounced fluctuations, and greater threats to their prey. Secondly, applying a method to calculate stability index with species’ biomass, we discussed the impact of lampreys’ sex ratio changes on ecosystem stability with species that are ranked by PageRank algorithm. When male-female ratio increases, the ecosystem tends to become unstable. In conclusion, adaptive changes in lampreys’ sex ratio has a great effect on their survival and reproduction. Therefore, studying the effects of lamprey sex ratio changes on ecosystems will contribute significantly to addressing the current issues.
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Shen et al. (2024) studied this question.
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