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Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects young adults. It is characterized by the development of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) and a wide range of macro- and microvascular symptoms. The primary causes of morbidity and mortality in APS are cardiovascular events. Subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events are associated with high-risk APL profiles, particularly with the presence of lupus anticoagulant and triple APL positivity (all three APL subtypes), co-existence with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and traditional risk factors like smoking, hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipemia. We present a case series involving three female stroke patients with APS. This series highlights the importance of immunological profiles in all stroke patients.
Pandian et al. (Wed,) studied this question.