Deep Relaxation of Controlled Stochastic Gradient Descent via Singular Perturbations

.We consider a singularly perturbed system of stochastic differential equations proposed by Chaudhari et al. (Res. Math. Sci. 2018) to approximate the entropic gradient descent in the optimization of deep neural networks via homogenization. We embed it in a much larger class of two-scale stochastic control problems and rely on convergence results for Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations with unbounded data proved recently by ourselves (ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var. 2023). We show that the limit of the value functions is itself the value function of an effective control problem with extended controls and that the trajectories of the perturbed system converge in a suitable sense to the trajectories of the limiting effective control system. These rigorous results improve the understanding of the convergence of the algorithms used by Chaudhari et al., as well as of their possible extensions where some tuning parameters are modeled as dynamic controls.Keywordsentropic stochastic gradient descentstochastic optimal controldeep neural networksmultiscale systemsHamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equationshomogenizationMSC codes93C7068T0790C2693E20