The impact of Bismuth Ion on the physical and optical characteristics of borate glasses

The bismuth doped borate (Bi2O3–B2O3) glasses were made using the melt quench process. The physico-optical characteristics, including their molar and density of the specimens were examined. The density readings were obtained using the Archimedes principle. The X-Ray differ actogram was used to verify that the specimens are amorphous. Using Tauc's approach, the optical characteristics of the specimens, including their direct and indirect forbidden energy gaps, were computed. The Urbach energy and steepness of the glass system were calculated to determine its disorderliness. The effect of Bi on physical and optical properties as density, poleron radius, forbidden energy gap, refractive index etc, were observed. The metallization criteria were used to examine the materials' non-metallic character.