Childbearing Attitude and Factors Affecting Permanence of Single Childbearing in women with only One Child of Reproductive Age Referred to Comprehensive Health Centers

Abstract Background: In recent years, the prevalence of single-child families has increased. Considering the social, psychological, and health implications associated with single childbearing, it is essential to explore why families have shifted from having multiple children to having only one child. This study aims to investigate childbearing attitudes and identify factors influencing the permanence of single childbearing among women with only one child of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: This study used a descriptive-correlation type. A total of 368 individuals were included in this study using a multistage cluster classification sampling method. The questionnaire used included demographic characteristics, childbearing attitude and factors affecting permanence single childbearing that included 5 sections: employment, previous experiences of pregnancy and childbirth, religious beliefs about having children, the status of couples' relationships, and women's empowerment. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 for descriptive statistics, linear regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA. Results: Women’s employment status, previous experiences of fertility and childbirth, and religious beliefs about having children significantly influenced their childbearing attitude (p<0.05). Employment status had a stronger association with childbearing attitude. women's field of study, income, housing status and type of residence also had a significant relationship with childbearing attitude (p<0.05). Discussion: Population policymakers and health planners should develop effective strategies to encourage informed decision-making regarding single-child families. Understanding the factors influencing childbearing attitudes can guide interventions aimed at promoting family well-being and reproductive health.