Research on Periodic Solutions of Non-autonomous Second-order Hamiltonian Systems

In the field of nonlinear science, Hamiltonian systems are crucial models extensively applied in engineering, physics, and biology. The existence of periodic solutions in non-autonomous second-order Hamiltonian systems, as a relatively specialized form, has been a focal and challenging research area. This paper employs variational methods to analyze the existence of periodic solutions in such systems, aiming to provide insights for related research endeavors.