Quenching from high temperatures has been identified as a useful means to enhance the piezoelectric properties and thermal stability of bismuth-based perovskite ferroelectrics. In the present work, it is demonstrated that quenching leads to improvement of depolarization temperature, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-NaNbO3 (NBT-0.1NN) ceramics. In-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements indicated an irreversible transformation from cubic to coexisting cubic and rhombohedral phases during the application of a high electric field, for both as-sintered and quenched ceramics. These results confirm the non-ergodic relaxor ferroelectric nature of the materials. DC poling induced a transformation to single-phase rhombohedral structure in both cases, with highly textured domain configurations. These well-oriented ferroelectric domain states were relatively stable under subsequent bipolar electric field cycling. For the pre-poled NBT-0.1NN ceramics, the quenched samples were found to exhibit the highest intrinsic (lattice strain) and extrinsic (domain switching) contributions to electrostrain, due to the increased rhombohedral distortion.
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Pan et al. (2024) studied this question.
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